[Effect of exercises downhill and uphill running on serum adiponectin and glucose in type-2 diabetic patients]

Adiponectin is an adipocyte-secreted hormone. Low levels of Adiponectin may indicate the insulin resistance and development of diabetes. The regular exercise therapy induces insulin resistance to be reduced. Glucose uptake increase in muscles, increased adiponectin levels and decreased of HbA[1]c in diabetic patients. This study was designed to evaluated the effect of down-hill and up-hill running exercises on the adiponectin and serum glucose in type-2 diabetic patients. This clinical trial study was conducted on 28 patients [13 male and 15 female], age 40 to 60 years, with type-2 diabetes, in neuromuscular rehabilitation research center, Semnan, Iran during 2009. Participants were assigned randomly in one of the two experimental groups, eccentric or concentric exercise using treadmill. Before and after control and intervention period, glucose, HbA[1]c and adiponectin serum were measured in both groups. Data were analyzed using SPSS-18, Kolmogorov- Smirnov, Repeated Measures ANOVA, Tukey and independent t tests. Eccentric and concentric exercise significantly decreased glucose, HbA[1]c and also increased adiponectin levels [P<0.05] in type-2 diabetic patients. However, eccentric exercise also significantly reduced glucose and HbA[1]c and increased adiponectin levels compared to the concentric exercise [P<0.05]. This study showed that eccentric exercise are more effective than concentric exercise to reduce and control the blood glucose level and improve serum adiponectin in type-2 diabetes mellitus patients

Comparative study of antibody titers produced against two BHK rabies vaccines in field trial experimental condition in dogs by RFFIT

Rabies is acutely fatal encephalitis caused by a neurotropic virus. This virus belongs to the family of Rhabdoviridae and genus of Lyssavirus. The virus is almost always transmitted to human through infected mammalian saliva. Rabies is inoculated to a wound by an infected animal bite. Since infection is established in the CNS, the outcome is almost always fatal. According to the outstanding role of vaccination against rabies in animals, as well as post-exposure treatment regimen in human, production of cell-cultured rabies vaccine is the most common interest of researchers. Two BHK-rabies vaccines, one made in the Pasteur Institute of Iran and two in Schering-Plough Animal Health of Madrid, Spain have been tested on 12 dogs divided into two groups. Sera were taken monthly over 18 months. To evaluate the titer of the rabies-neutralizing antibody, these sera were analyzed by the rapid fluorescence focus inhibition test [RFFIT] in the end of each month. Both study groups showed a sufficient immunogenic response without any significant difference at least one year after vaccination. With respect to the effective immunization of rabies vaccines, their annual injections would be sufficient. According to the results, at the end of the study [18th month] serum titer in only one dog [No.7] was less than protective level. Two animals in group one [No.2 and No. 5] also had serum titers less than protective level. Mean of post vaccination antibody titer were not different in either groups [P=0.35]

Effect of testosterone on thyroid function in iodine deficient castrated rats

The prevalence of goiter, especially in iodine deficient regions, is higher in women than men. This investigation was conducted to determine the effect of testosterone on thyroid weight and function in iodine deficient normal and castrated rats Male Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups, of 7 animals each: Castrated, hormone treated [C+T], castrated, non-hormone treated [C+NT], normal [N], iodine deficient diet, castrated, hormone treated [ID+C+T], iodine deficient diet, castrated, non-hormone treated [ID+C+NT], iodine deficient diet, normal [ID+N]. Three weeks after castration, the C+T and ID+C+T groups received daily intraperitoneal injections of 1 mg/kg testosterone enontate, for 9 weeks. At the end, of the study, we measured thyroid weight and serum testosterone, T4, free T4, T3 and TSH and urinary iodine concentrations. Serum testosterone levels significantly decreased in the C+NT and ID+C+NT groups [p < 0.001]. In ID groups, serum TSH, T3 and thyroid weight levels significantly increased and serum T4 and free T4 levels significantly decreased as compared with the iodine sufficient groups [p < 0.001]. The ID+C+NT group, had higher serum TSH and thyroid weight and lower serum freeT4 than the ID+C+T and ID+N groups [p < 0.01]. The C+NT group had higher serum TSH and lower serum free T4 than C+T and N groups [p < 0.01]. These results suggest that testosterone decreases thyroid enlargement and serum free T4 levels in ID castrated rats, which may explain the lower incidence of goiter in men than women in iodine deficient regions

detection of hepatic glucose phosphorylation enzymes in two strains of mice and their relation to thioacetamide effect on the liver

Hexokinase isoenzymes in the liver of two inbred strains of mice [C3H/He and C58] have been determined initially. Four isoenzymes catalyzing phosphorylation of glucose and designated GK, HKI, HKII and HKIII, were resolved by high performance liquid chromatography on DEAE-cellulose columns of liver extracts from C3H/He and C58 mice. The enzymes were identified by their activity and in a series of immunological tests including immunoelectrophoresis and immunoprecipitation. In untreated mice, the glucokinase [GK] activity was predominant and the three hexokinases [HKI, HKII and HKIII] detected were characterized by low activities. However, intraperitoneal injection of thiocetamide resulted in a significant decrease in the glucokinase activity and in an increase in hexokinases activity, especially that of hexokinases II and III. While confirming the presence of hexokinase III in mice livers, the present work also provides for a significant improvement in the detection of hexokinase III in mice and presents an interesting observation on the effect of thiocetamide on the liver